Jersey Give Back for Environmental Non-Profits

Via the Dodge Foundation blog, I discovered that they are highlighting this month organizations featured in their Jersey Give-Back Guide. This is an annual, seasonal project of the Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation and the guide features some of NJ's nonprofits in the hope that you might consider them in your year-end donations.

The one that caught our environmental eye first is the Bayshore Center at Bivalve which was founded in 1988 to “motivate people to take care of the history, the culture and the environment of New Jersey’s Bayshore region through education, preservation and example.” 

They have restored the 1928 Delaware Bay Oyster Schooner AJ Meerwald as a sailing classroom and created the Bivalve Center which is their Maurice Riverfront home. There, the restored 1904 Bivalve Shipping Sheds and Wharves serve as a maritime center of national significance, homeport to the MEERWALD and the Delaware Bay Museum & Folklife Center . New Jerseyans can experience the heritage, ecology and ship-building and fishing history of the Delaware Bay.

The Bayshore suffered severe economic and ecological damage from Hurricane Sandy, but it was not designated as a region to receive federal assistance, so our private support for the Center at Bivalve helps people living throughout Bayshore area of south Jersey.

You can make a donation to the Center via the Dodge "Jersey Give-Back Guide" at JerseyGivebackGuide.org, and if you click on the Environment category, you will find the Bayshore Center at Bivalve and also:

• City Green
• Clean Ocean Action
• New Jersey Conservation Foundation
• Student Conservation Association

Oyster Farming in NJ

I didn't know that oysters love to eat algae. In fact, that is all they eat.

They take in cloudy water, filter out the algae and other forms of phytoplankton and push out crystal clear water. That sounds like a pretty good deal for our water. A juvenile oyster can filter 25 gallons of water a day and an adult can double that.

I discovered this in an article in NJ Monthly that was not so much about the environment as it was about the 40 North Oyster Farm and providing oysters for dining.

13-week-old oysters in Matt Gregg's gloved hand need to triple in size
before they go to market      Photo by Eric Levin

A century ago, the Delaware Bay alone produced more than a million bushels of oysters a year, but harvests fell to an annual average of 36,600 bushels in the 1990s.

There has been a comeback and over the last decade the yield has averaged 72,000 bushels a year.

An oyster farm provides clean water and Essential Fish Habitat which increases the sunlight reaching down, which in time also means in a place like Barnegat Bay that eel grass that serve as an incubator for baby fish increases.

Matt Gregg is the founder of 40 North Oyster Farm in Mantoloking, the northernmost oyster farm in the state at 40 degrees north latitude. At the University of Rhode Island, he majored in marine and coastal policy, minored in aquaculture and fisheries, and was inspired by Mark Kurlansky’s book The Big Oyster: History on the Half Shell. 40 North seeded its first beds in 2011.

Our Jersey coastline was once plentiful with oysters. The state had an industry that boomed until greed and overfishing and later parasitic shellfish diseases destroyed the oyster beds in the 1950s and again in the 1990s.

Most of the oystering in New Jersey is now on the Delaware Bay with a dozen sites. That means you can eat a Jersey-raised Wellfleet, a Chincoteague, a Cape May Salt, a 40 North or any other Eastern Oyster. Let's also give a thank you to the Eastern species to Rutgers. The disease-resistant Rutgers oyster was developed by the late Harold H. Haskin (who has the Shellfish Research Laboratory in Port Norris named for him).

The 40 North farm was another victim of Superstorm Sandy. With their boat destroyed,  they couldn’t get their gear out of the water in time and the oysters got covered with mud and slowly died.

He has since partnered with New York restaurateur Chris Cannon who is turning the Vail Mansion in Morristown into Jockey Hollow Bar & Kitchen, set to open next spring. Cannon is looking to use Jersey farms, breweries and purveyors to supply the restaurant. cannon gets a stake in 40 North and the farm gets a cash infusion.

I have never been a real fan of eating oysters. I was told to chew, not gulp, but I still have not developed a taste for them. Maybe I need to develop a palate for the merroir of the kinds of Eastern Oyster that New Jersey offers. Maybe an oyster tasting in Morristown next spring?

Beyond Thanksgiving

Now that the turkey has been digested, maybe you can chew on some information about that first Thanksgiving and consider visiting an exhibit in Paterson, NJ.

The Paterson Museum's permanent Delaware-Lenape exhibit, opens in early December. You can see tolls like axes, harpoons and fishing nets,plus murals and an 11-foot dugout canoe and a full-size eight-foot diameter wigwam. This is believed to be the only permanent Lenape exhibit in the mid-Atlantic states.

Sam Beeler, elder of the Sand Hill Delaware Indian tribe, was the technical adviser for the exhibit. He says that American Indians (not "Native Americans" which he dislikes) play a much wider role than the Thanksgiving story.

Beyond that historic meal is the idea that potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, chocolate, corn, and all the beans we use comes from this hemisphere and were passed on and exported by those colonists.

The Thanksgiving story has always been a little vague and is now full of popular cultural additions. We know that the first pilgrim Thanksgiving in 1621 has lots of venison. We're not sure about turkey, although it makes sense that it might have been included.(A letter from a colonist tells us that the local Wampanoag Indians brought five deer.)

In the 392 years since, we have added a lot of information - much inaccurate and some offensive to the Indians.

In what we know of as northern New Jersey,  the people of the Munsee ("stony country") region of the Lenni-Lenape held a  regional autumn celebration that, Beeler says, that broght people to the Great Falls in Paterson for "The Rendezvous" or "The Pawwaw."

The Lenni Lenape Indians knew the Falls as a prime camping and fishing site and called it “Totowa” (to sink or be forced down beneath the waters by weight).

Passaic County's 5,000 or more Lenape celebrate on the Thursday before the federal holiday. A typical meal will include the "three sisters" (corn, beans and squash). Since the Indians were the original American locavores, the meal would include what was available here in the season, including seafood, venison, turkey, rabbit and squirrel.

SOURCE: northjersey.com/community/233195111_Thanksgiving__the_Lenape_way.html

Turkey Time in New Jersey

Wild turkey hen with poults (chicks)           Photo: Kevin Cole via Wikimedia

Turkeys are the symbolically American bird - at least when November rolls around. Experts say the nation’s wild turkey population has rebounded from about 300,000 in the early 1950s to an estimated seven million now.

In fact, in our area of the country, they have rebounded so much that they are sometimes viewed more a nuisance - as with the case of some turkeys on New York’s Staten Island.

Though we associate turkeys with that first Thanksgiving in Virginia, Wild turkeys evolved on the North and South American Continents exclusively and became a great game bird for Indians and settlers. Indians of the American Southwest, Mexico and Central America first hunted the wild turkey and also domesticated them. Spanish Explorers enjoyed them so much they took Mexican turkeys back to Europe in the 1500s.

Usually, we see wild turkeys from a bit of distance in suburban areas, but occasionally they can be aggressive. They will sometimes peck at windows, automobile mirrors or reflections in shiny surfaces (like your nicely polished car).

You won't find turkeys on the NJ endangered or threatened species list,because the Division of Fish and Wildlife started a Turkey Restoration Project in 1977 in cooperation with the New Jersey State Chapter of the National Wild Turkey Federation.

Wild turkeys had been extirpated from New Jersey by the mid-1800s because of their use as food and increasing loss of habitat. Reintroducing 22 birds in 1977 was so successful that we now have an current population is estimated at over 20,000.

Wild turkeys are found throughout the state wherever there is suitable habitat. Even in South Jersey, where wild turkeys had been struggling just a few years ago, intensive restoration efforts have improved population numbers significantly.

You will find rafters (flocks of turkeys) more commonly in rural areas of the state where these omnivorous eaters can forage. They prefer eating acorns, nuts, and various trees, including hazel, chestnut, hickory, and pinyon pine as well as various seeds, berries such as juniper and bearberry, roots and insects. Turkeys also occasionally consume amphibians and small reptiles such as lizards and snakes. Poults (chicks) have been observed eating insects, berries, and seeds.

Wild turkeys often feed in cow pastures, sometimes visit back yard bird feeders, and favor croplands after harvest to scavenge seed on the ground. Turkeys are also known to eat a wide variety of grasses.

Early morning and late afternoon are the desired times for eating.

If we have a harsh winter, they can survive up to two weeks without eating. But then they will move into more populated areas.

Neither endangered or threatened in NJ, there is legal hunting of wild turkeys regulated by the State Division of Fish, Game and Wildlife. The 2013 spring wild turkey hunting season (April 20 - May 24) had a total harvest of 3,073 male wild turkeys, up 1.4% from 2012. The fall hunting season was from Oct. 26 to Nov. 2, 2013, so NJ wild turkeys are safe this Thanksgiving week.

http://www.nj.gov/dep/fgw/turkey_info.htm